Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics gives a complete and up-to-date overview of this area in one consistent book. It is designed for daily use in the office or laboratory and offers descriptive text, data, and references needed for anyone working with lasers and optical instruments. All articles are written by leading experts and a CD-ROM is provided for easy search.

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This volume, RF and Microwave Applications and Systems, includes a wide range of articles that discuss RF and microwave systems used for communication and radar and heating applications. Commercial, avionics, medical, and military applications are addressed. An overview of commercial communications systems is provided. Past, current, and emerging cellular systems, navigation systems, and satellite-based systems are discussed. Specific voice and data commercial systems are investigated more thoroughly in individual chapters that follow. Detailed discussions of military electronics, avionics, and radar (both military and automotive) are provided in separate chapters. A chapter focusing on FR/microwave energy used for therapeutic medicine is also provided.

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This book is intended for research scientists, engineers and students with an interest in the topic of free-space laser communications. It is intended as an all-inclusive source to serve the needs of those who require information about both basic concepts, as well as up-to-date advanced knowledge of the state-of-the-art in the technologies available today. This is the first book which provides in a comprehensive and tutorial manner, the fundamental principles and advances of free-space laser communications. Topics addressed include: atmospheric channel effects including available models, system design and performance, laser transmitter/ receiver designs for high performance photon-efficient systems, adaptive optics technology for atmospheric compensation, optical networks, coding techniques, and long wavelength free-space optical communications.

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Einstein's Theory of Atom-Radiation Interaction.- Atom-Field Interaction: Semiclassical Approach.- States of the Electromagnetic Field II.- Quantum Theory of Coherence.- Phase Space Description.- Atom-Field Interaction.- System-Reservoir Interactions.- Resonance Fluorescence.- Quantum Laser Theory. Master Equation Approach.- Quantum Noise Reduction.- 1.- Quantum Noise Reduction. 2.- Quantum Phase.- Quantum Trajectories.- Atom Optics.- Measurements, Quantum Limits and all that.- Trapped Ions.- Decoherence.- Quantum Bits, Entanglement and Applications.- Quantum Cloning and Processing.- A Operator Relations.- B The Method of Characteristics.- C Proof.- D Stochastic Processes in a Nutshell.- E Derivations of the Homodyne Stochastic Schrödinger Differential Equation.- F Fluctuations.- G The No-Cloning Theorem.- H The Universal Quantum Cloning Machine.- I Hints to Solve the Problems.

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This text on contemporary optical systems is intended for optical researchers and engineers, graduate students and optical microscopists in the biological and biomedical sciences. This second edition contains two completely new chapters. In addition most of the chapters from the first edition have been revised and updated. The book consists of three parts: The first discusses high-aperture optical systems, which form the backbone of optical microscopes. An example is a chapter new in the second edition on the emerging field of high numerical aperture diffractive lenses which seems to have particular promise in improving the correction of lenses. In this part particular attention is paid to optical data storage. The second part is on the use of non-linear optical techniques, including nonlinear optical excitation (total internal reflection fluorescence, second and third harmonic generation and two photon microscopy) and non-linear spectroscopy (CARS). The final part of the book presents miscellaneous techniques that are either novel or well known but finding new applications. An example of the latter is photonic force microscopy that is now rapidly becoming an exciting and indispensable tool in shedding light on the inner working of certain cells or measuring nano-mechanical properties of single molecules.

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Optics and Lasers in Engineering aims to provide an international forum for the interchange of information on the development and application of optical techniques and laser technology in engineering. Emphasis is placed on contributions dealing with the practical use of methods and devices, the evaluation of results and developments and enhancement of solutions and new theoretical foundations for experimental methods.

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Photovoltaic solar-energy conversion is one of the most promising technologies for generating renewable energy, and conversion of concentrated sunlight can lead to reduced cost for solar electricity. In fact, photovoltaic conversion of concentrated sunlight insures an efficient and cost-effective sustainable power resource. This book gives an overview of all components, e.g. cells, concentrators, modules and systems, for systems of concentrator photovoltaics. The authors report on significant results related to design, technology, and applications, and also cover the fundamental physics and market considerations. Specific contributions include: theory and practice of sunlight concentrators; an overview of concentrator PV activities; a description of concentrator solar cells; design and technology of modules and systems; manufacturing aspects; and a market study.

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Essentials of Photonics, Second Edition describes the entire range of photonic principles and techniques in detail. The book presents a new approach that concentrates on the physical principles, demonstrating their interdependence, and developing them to explain more complex phenomena. It gives insight into the underlying physical processes in a way that is readable and easy to follow, as well as entirely self-contained.

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The development of new sources and methods in the terahertz spectral range has generated intense interest in terahertz spectroscopy and its application in an array of fields. Presenting state-of-the-art terahertz spectroscopic techniques, Terahertz Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications focuses on time-domain methods based on femtosecond laser sources and important recent applications in physics, materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine.

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New advances offer flexible, low-cost fabrication methods for light-emitting materials, particularly in display technologies. As researchers continue to develop novel applications for these materials, feasible solutions for large-scale manufacturing are increasingly important. Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices covers all aspects of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), focusing on the unique characteristics of electroluminescent materials, device structures, and fabrication technologies.

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Shrinking pixel sizes along with improvements in image sensors, optics, and electronics have elevated DSCs to levels of performance that match, and have the potential to surpass, that of silver-halide film cameras. Image Sensors and Signal Processing for Digital Still Cameras captures the current state of DSC image acquisition and signal processing technology and takes an all-inclusive look at the field, from the history of DSCs to future possibilities.

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Laser Beam Shaping Applications details the important features of beam shaping and exposes the subtleties of the theory and techniques that are best demonstrated through proven applications. In chapters contributed by prominent, active leaders in their respective specialties, the book discusses applications in lithography, laser printing, optical data storage, stable isotope separation, adaptive mirrors, and spatially dispersive lasers. The contributors share major insights, knowledge, and experience, reveal the advantages of the technologies, and include extensive references to the literature. The book concludes with a summary of beam shaping theory and techniques as well as the history of the field

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Optical Inspection of Microsystems is the first comprehensive, up-to-date survey of the most important and widely used full-field optical metrology and inspection technologies. Under the guidance of accomplished researcher Wolfgang Osten, expert contributors from industrial and academic institutions around the world share their expertise and experience with techniques such as image correlation, light scattering, scanning probe microscopy, confocal microscopy, fringe projection, grid and moiré techniques, interference microscopy, laser Doppler vibrometry, holography, speckle metrology, and spectroscopy. They also examine modern approaches to data acquisition and processing. The book emphasizes the evaluation of various properties to increase reliability and promote a consistent approach to optical testing. Numerous practical examples and illustrations reinforce the concepts.

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The need for both intrinsic and extrinsic fiber optic sensor technologies continues to grow. To meet the demands of this fast expanding applications-driven market, Fiber Optic Sensors, Second Edition presents both the latest advances in fiber optic sensor technology, such as the application of photonic crystal fibers to fiber optic gyroscopes, and recent application opportunities, including the use of fiber optic sensors as a minimally invasive medical treatment.

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Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are evolving into highly integrated technologies for a variety of application areas. Add the biological dimension to the mix and a host of new problems and issues arise that require a broad understanding of aspects from basic, materials, and medical sciences in addition to engineering. Collecting the efforts of renowned leaders in each of these fields, BioMEMS: Technologies and Applications presents the first wide-reaching survey of the design and application of MEMS technologies for use in biological and medical areas.

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This book describes how one can fully integrate plasmonic nanostructures into dielectric, semiconductor, and molecular photonic devices, for guiding photons across the nano–micro interface and for detecting molecules with unsurpassed sensitivity.

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Photonic MEMS Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Control describes a broad range of optical and photonic devices, from MEMS optical switches and bandgap crystal switches to optical variable attenuators (VOA) and injection locked tunable lasers. It deals rigorously with all these technologies at a fundamental level, systematically introducing critical nomenclature. Each chapter also provides analysis techniques, equations, and experimental results.

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The Handbook provides, in a single work, a comprehensive guide to the current status of lasers and laser systems; it is accessible to science or engineering graduates needing no more than standard undergraduate knowledge of optics. Whilst being a self-contained reference work, the Handbook provides extensive references to contemporary work, and is a basis for studying the professional journal literature on the subject.

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Handbook of Charged Particle Optics provides a complete guide to understanding, designing, and using high resolution instrumentation such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and focused ion beam (FIB) systems. This second edition features new chapters on aberration correction, the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and applications of gas phase field ionization sources.

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This book documents the underlying physics of polymer fibers, particularly aspects of light interaction, and details the practical considerations for a broad range of characterization techniques used to investigate new phenomena. The book presents basic fabrication techniques and protocols that will likely remain useful as new advances address specific processing challenges. The author presents a fresh approach to standard derivations, using numerous figures and diagrams to break down complex concepts and illustrate theoretical calculations. The final chapters draw attention to the latest directions in research and novel applications, including photomechanical actuation, electro-optic fibers, and smart materials.

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Quantum Optics gives a comprehensive coverage of developments in quantum optics over the past years. In the early chapters the formalism of quantum optics is elucidated and the main techniques are introduced. These are applied in the later chapters to problems such as squeezed states of light, resonance fluorescence, laser theory, quantum theory of four-wave mixing, quantum non-demolition measurements, Bell's inequalities, and atom optics. Experimental results are used to illustrate the theory throughout. This yields the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of experiment and theory in quantum optics in any textbook.

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There is no shortage of lens optimization software on the market to deal with today's complex optical systems for all sorts of custom and standardized applications. But all of these software packages share one critical flaw: you still have to design a starting solution. Continuing the bestselling tradition of the author's previous books, Lens Design, Fourth Edition is still the most complete and reliable guide for detailed design information and procedures for a wide range of optical systems.

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With contributions from leading international experts, the book explores the latest research results and applications of solid-state lasers as well as various laser systems. The beginning chapters discuss current developments and applications of new solid-state gain media in different wavelength regions, including cerium-doped lasers in the ultraviolet range, ytterbium lasers near 1µm, rare-earth ion-doped lasers in the eye-safe region, and tunable Cr2+:ZnSe lasers in the mid-infrared range. The remaining chapters study specific modes of operation of solid-state laser systems, such as pulsed microchip lasers, high-power neodymium lasers, ultrafast solid-state lasers, amplification of femtosecond pulses with optical parametric amplifiers, and noise characteristics of solid-state lasers.

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Principles of Nanophotonics outlines physically intuitive concepts of the subject using a novel theoretical framework that differs from conventional wave optics. It probes far-reaching physical insights into the local electromagnetic interaction in the nanometric subsystem composed of electrons and photons.

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For years scientists turned to the CRC Handbook of Laser Science & Technology for reliable data on optical materials. Out of print for several years, that standard-setting work now has a successor: the Handbook of Optical Materials.

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With an emphasis on near-earth links including air, LEO, MEO, and GEO orbits rather than on terrestrial links, Near-Earth Laser Communications presents a summary of important free-space laser communication subsystem challenges and discusses potential ways to overcome such challenges. This comprehensive reference provides up-to-date information on component and subsystem technologies, fundamental limitations, and approaches to reach those limits. Highlighting key design variations and critical differences between them, this book is vital to those working with optical communications technology and also highlights optical communications work performed in the US, Europe, and Japan.

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Within the last decades, the use of lasers in artworks conservation became an important tool for many conservators, scientists, architects and other experts, who are involved in the care of monuments and artefacts or laser technology. For the first time in 1995 Professor Costas Fotakis brought together restorers and scientists to discuss the potential of lasers in art conservation. Since then the field of "Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks" has gained enormously in importance. Nowadays restorers and laser scientists work close together in order to develop new fields of applications during the last years. Furthermore a large number of national and international research projects have been carried out by conservator-restorers, architects and scientists. In the last 10 years a number of historical and artistic high quality monuments (e.g. St. Stephens Cathedral in Vienna) have been cleaned or measured by laser and brought the laser in the spectra of tools which are useful in the sensible field of artworks. The proceedings of the congress addresses scientists, conservator-restorers, companies, architects, decision-makers and other experts involved in conservation projects or in the research of new laser equipment.

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Sources of ultrashort laser pulses are nowadays commercially available and have entered many areas of research and development. This book gives an overview of biological and medical applications of these laser pulses. The briefness of these laser pulses permits the tracing of the fastest processes in photo-active bio-systems, which is one focus of the book. The other focus is applications that rely on the high peak intensity of ultrashort laser pulses. Examples covered span non-linear imaging techniques, optical tomography, and laser surgery.

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Covering both underlying theory and practical applications, Laser Safety provides a unique and readily-understandable review of current laser safety. This resource explains in detail the biological effects of laser radiation, particularly on the eye, and the provisions and requirements of the international laser safety standard IEC 60825-1, including a full description of the recently revised system of laser classification. It elucidates the rationale for the often-complex laser emission and exposure limits given in the standard, and provides detailed guidance for using the standard to carry out quantitative laser assessments. The authors also discuss practical issues of risk assessment, safety controls, eye protection, and laser safety management.

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Reflecting changes in the field in the ten years since the publication of the first edition, The Handbook of Photonics, Second Edition explores recent advances that have affected this technology. In this new, updated second edition editor Mool Gupta is joined by John Ballato, strengthening the handbook with their combined knowledge and the continued contributions of world-class researchers.

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Introduction to Organic Electronic and Optoelectronic Materials and Devices provides comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the-art in an accessible format. The book presents fundamentals, principles, and mechanisms complemented by examples, experimental data, and more than 600 figures, more than 500 equations, about 70 tables, more than 150 exercise questions, and more than 1500 reference citations.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) belongs to the class of transparent conducting oxides which can be used as transparent electrodes in electronic devices or heated windows. In this book the material properties of, the deposition technologies for, and applications of zinc oxide in thin film solar cells are described in a comprehensive manner. Structural, morphological, optical and electronic properties of ZnO are treated in this review. The editors and authors of this book are specialists in deposition, analysis and fabrication of thin-film solar cells and especially of ZnO. This book is intended as an overview and a data collection for students, engineers and scientist.

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The first book to address optical OFDM provides a coherent and comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of both optical communications and OFDM signal processing, with a distinctive focus on its broad range of applications.

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Fiber Optic Measurement Techniques is an indispensable collection of key optical measurement techniques essential for developing and characterizing today's photonic devices and fiber optic systems. The book gives comprehensive and systematic descriptions of various fiber optic measurement methods with the emphasis on the understanding of optoelectronic signal processing methodologies, helping the reader to weigh up the pros and cons of each technique and establish their suitability for the task at hand.

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This book brings together and couples results from electromagnetic, mechanics, thermodynamics, solid state physics, chemistry, optics, and materials science to provide a coherent picture of materials science, in particular their optical properties. It discusses the underlying physical basis of the each property, including constituents, bonding, and structural order. The book also discusses units and unit conversions, provides simple models for estimating properties or extrapolating data as well as examples of how to fit data using these models. Two chapters are completely devoted to practical problems in optical systems.

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Optics & Laser Technology aims to provide a vehicle for the publication of a broad range of high quality research and review papers in those fields of scientific and engineering research appertaining to the development and application of the technology of optics and lasers. Papers describing original work in these areas are submitted to rigorous refereeing prior to acceptance for publication.

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Fiber Bragg Gratings is the result of a growing demand for focused and reliable information on the subject. It brings together the fundamentals of fiber gratings, their specific characterizations, and numerous applications. In addition to researchers, scientists, and graduate students, it will be of interest to industrial practitioners in the field of fabrication of fiber optic materials and devices.

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This new edition of the bestselling Microlithography: Science and Technology provides a balanced treatment of theoretical and operational considerations, from elementary concepts to advanced aspects of modern submicron microlithography. Each chapter reflects the current research and practices from the world's leading academic and industrial laboratories detailed by a stellar panel of international experts.

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This monograph describes fascinating recent progress in the field of chaos, stability and instability of semiconductor lasers. Applications and future prospects are discussed in detail. The book emphasizes the various dynamics induced in semiconductor lasers by optical and electronic feedback, optical injection, and injection current modulation. Recent results of both theoretical and experimental investigations are presented. Demonstrating applications of semiconductor laser chaos, control and noise, Semiconductor Lasers describes suppression and chaotic secure communications. For those who are interested in optics but not familiar with nonlinear systems, a brief introduction to chaos analysis is presented.

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